Myanmar
Updated
At a glance
Bagan is one of the world's most extraordinary archaeological sites, a vast plain in central Myanmar scattered with over 2,200 surviving Buddhist temples, pagodas, and monasteries dating from the 11th to 13th centuries. At its zenith, the Pagan Kingdom constructed more than 10,000 religious structures across this 26-square-mile landscape on the eastern bank of the Irrawaddy River, making it the political, economic, and cultural capital of the first Burmese empire.
Bagan is in Myanmar, Southeast Asia, about 500 km north of Yangon in a straight line. Its coordinates are 21.1717° N, 94.8585° E.
| Best time to visit | October to March (cool and dry season) |
|---|---|
| Daily budget | US$30-80 per day |
| Currency | Myanmar Kyat (MMK) |
| Nearest airport | NYU (IATA code) |
| Language | Burmese (limited English in tourist areas) |
| Time zone | UTC+6:30 |
| Population | Approximately 100,000 (Nyaung-U township) |
Entry rules vary by passport. Check our Southeast Asia visa requirements guide.
About
Granted UNESCO World Heritage status in 2019 after decades of rejection due to controversial restoration methods, Bagan's temple-studded horizon remains one of Southeast Asia's most iconic vistas. The archaeological zone is divided into three main areas: Old Bagan, the walled ancient city containing the most significant temples; New Bagan, a planned town with most tourist facilities; and Nyaung-U, the nearest commercial hub with the airport, markets, and the revered Shwezigon Pagoda.
The temples of Bagan represent a remarkable variety of architectural styles spanning over two centuries of construction. Ananda Temple, completed in 1105, is considered the masterpiece of Mon-influenced architecture, housing four standing Buddha images with an optical illusion that makes them appear to smile differently depending on viewing distance. The massive Dhammayangyi Temple, the largest in Bagan, conceals bricked-up inner corridors and a rumored secret tunnel system, left unfinished after King Narathu's assassination in 1170. Htilominlo Temple preserves rare horoscope murals that were used in the selection of the king.
The 2016 earthquake measuring 6.8 magnitude damaged approximately 400 temples, prompting an extensive restoration effort that has drawn both praise and criticism from preservationists. Today, visitors explore the temples by e-bike, horse cart, or bicycle, while hot air balloon flights at sunrise offer one of Southeast Asia's most unforgettable experiences. The nearby village of Myinkaba continues a centuries-old lacquerware tradition, where artisans craft intricate pieces using horse hair and bamboo in methods passed down through generations. Bagan's legacy as one of Asia's great civilizational centers is further enriched by the presence of nat spirit worship sites discreetly incorporated within its Buddhist temples, reflecting Myanmar's syncretic spiritual traditions.
When to Go
Bagan bakes on a dry central plain, hotter and drier than Yangon. The cool dry season from October to March is the only comfortable time - and sunrise ballooning season. Avoid the brutal heat of April and the muddy roads of the monsoon.
Attractions
Bagan holds over 2,000 surviving temples and stupas from a 1,000-year-old kingdom, scattered across a 40-km plain - one of the wonders of Asia. Two to three days lets you temple-hop, balloon and cruise. See our Bagan temple guide for the detail.
The single most magical experience in Myanmar - floating silently over thousands of mist-shrouded temples as the sun rises. Flights run only October to mid-April and book out months ahead. The splurge of a lifetime.
From ~$350-450/person; book 2-3 months ahead for the Nov-Jan peak.
The classic Bagan day - rent an electric scooter and roam the sandy tracks between the big-name temples (Ananda, Thatbyinnyu, Dhammayangyi, Shwezigon) and the tiny forgotten ones. Stop where you like, climb the allowed stupas for views, and lose yourself in the dust and gold.
E-bike ~8,000-10,000 MMK (~$3.80-4.80)/day. Temple-zone ticket ~25,000 MMK (~$12), valid for the stay.
The architectural masterpiece of Bagan - a perfectly proportioned 12th-century temple with four giant standing Buddhas. Pair it with the massive Dhammayangyi, the towering Thatbyinnyu and the gilded Shwezigon stupa for the core circuit.
A designated sunset-viewing temple (climbing is now restricted to a few licensed mounds to protect the structures) gives the iconic Bagan view - silhouetted spires melting into the Irrawaddy sunset. Arrive early for a spot; the best mounds get crowded.
A slow boat at golden hour past the riverbank villages and the temple-dotted shore - a peaceful counterpoint to the dusty plain. Several jetties in Old Bagan and Nyaung-U run sunset trips.
From ~10,000 MMK (~$4.80)/person.
An hour's drive south, a striking extinct volcanic plug crowned by the Popa Taungkalat monastery - the most important nat (spirit) shrine in Myanmar. Climb the 777 steps past pilgrims and macaques for sweeping views.
Transport
The archaeological zone is a 40-km plain of sandy tracks between three main villages (Nyaung-U, Old Bagan, New Bagan). E-bikes, horse-carts and taxis are the ways around.
Fly into Nyaung-U (NYU) airport from Yangon and Mandalay, or take the express boat up the Irrawaddy from Mandalay - a classic overnight journey.
Accommodation
Pick your village: budget and food in Nyaung-U, temples and luxury in Old Bagan, or a quiet mid-range base in New Bagan.
The main town - the cheapest guesthouses, the best restaurants and beer stations, and the most travellers. The practical base.
Inside the archaeological zone - upscale resort hotels set among the temples. Quieter at night and walking distance to the big monuments.
A modern village of mid-range hotels and restaurants between the two - a calmer compromise.
Food & Drink
Bagan's food is central-Burmese - the same curries, salads and noodle soups as the rest of the country, plus excellent local specialities and the famed palm sugar and toddy.
Peanut salad, tea-leaf salad and Shan noodles are the safe, delicious staples. Bagan is famous for tamarind flake candy, fresh palm jaggery and toddy palm wine from the harvesters in the trees outside town.
The Nyaung-U beer stations and barbecue joints are the budget and social hubs; Old Bagan hotels do upscale set curries.
Plan Your Trip
A e-visa (~$50) covers most passports - apply online in advance. The currency is the kyat (MMK); carry crisp USD too. The archaeological zone fee is paid on arrival. Bagan is safe and the locals are gentle and devout.
Hotels
A refined heritage property offering an authentic Bagan experience with elegant rooms decorated in traditional Myanmar style. Features beautiful garden grounds, a pool area with temple views, and warm hospitality that reflects Burmese cultural traditions.
Ideally positioned at the entrance to Old Bagan beside the famous 10th-century Tharabar Gate, this hotel offers direct access to the most significant temples. Features a swimming pool, spa, and restaurant surrounded by the ancient walled city.
One of Bagan's most storied properties, dating back to 1922 and set on the banks of the Irrawaddy River within Old Bagan. Offers stunning sunset river views, landscaped gardens among ancient ruins, and a rich colonial heritage atmosphere.
A 4-star resort near Shwezigon Pagoda featuring spacious bungalow-style rooms, a golf course, outdoor swimming pool, and spa. Located just 10 minutes from the airport with easy access to the main temple circuit and Nyaung-U Market.
A riverside sanctuary resort within the Archaeological Zone offering charming cottage-style accommodations, lush tropical gardens, and panoramic Irrawaddy River views. Features a pool, spa, and restaurant with traditional Myanmar cuisine.
Nestled between the Royal Palace ruins and the Irrawaddy River bank in Old Bagan, this resort offers traditional Myanmar-style villas with river views. Features a riverside restaurant, swimming pool, and direct access to the archaeological sites.
A premier boutique hotel in the heart of the Bagan Archaeological Zone with views of Shwezigon Pagoda. Features elegant rooms blending traditional Burmese design with modern comfort, an outdoor pool, spa, and acclaimed restaurant serving local and international cuisine.
An award-winning boutique hotel in New Bagan featuring 24 spacious rooms, a serene swimming pool, lush gardens, and an open-air pavilion restaurant. Known for its personalized service and tranquil atmosphere amidst the archaeological zone.
A well-designed mid-range hotel near Shwezigon Pagoda featuring contemporary two-storey buildings inspired by ancient Bagan architecture. Offers 102 rooms including suites, an outdoor pool, pool bar, spa, and complimentary bicycle rental.
A popular mid-range hotel centrally located in Nyaung-U with over 2,000 guest reviews. Offers clean, comfortable rooms, a restaurant, and a convenient base for temple exploration with easy access to e-bike and horse cart hire.
A well-reviewed 3-star property offering excellent value with clean, modern rooms and friendly staff. Located in a convenient area for accessing both the temple zone and local restaurants, with complimentary breakfast included.
A well-established mid-range hotel in New Bagan offering spacious rooms with traditional decor, a garden setting, and a restaurant. Conveniently located near the Myinkaba lacquerware village and several important temples.
A highly rated social hostel popular with backpackers, featuring a swimming pool, communal areas, and both dormitory and private room options. Known for its vibrant atmosphere, daily social events, and excellent location for temple exploration.
A highly rated budget hotel in Nyaung-U offering excellent value with over 1,300 positive reviews. Features a rooftop terrace with temple views, comfortable air-conditioned rooms, free breakfast, and complimentary bicycle use.
A charming budget hotel with impressive guest ratings, offering clean rooms and a welcoming atmosphere. Located with convenient access to the temple plains, ideal for budget-conscious travelers who still want comfort and quality.
A highly rated guesthouse in the Kyansithar Block area offering clean, cozy rooms and genuine Burmese hospitality. Perfect for budget travelers seeking an authentic local experience with helpful owners who share insider temple tips.
Experiences
Soar above 2,200 ancient temples and pagodas as the sun rises over the Bagan plains in a once-in-a-lifetime hot air balloon experience. The 45-minute to 1-hour flight offers unrivaled panoramic views of the archaeological zone, the Irrawaddy River, and distant mountains, concluding with a champagne toast.
Explore Bagan's most revered temple, the 12th-century Ananda Pahto, a masterpiece of Mon architecture. Marvel at the four 9.5-meter standing Buddha statues, including the famous 'two smiling Buddhas' optical illusion where the expression appears to change depending on your viewing distance.
Rent an electric scooter and navigate the dusty trails between Bagan's thousands of temples at your own pace. The self-guided circuit covers major sites from Shwezigon Pagoda to Dhammayangyi Temple, with designated viewing mounds for spectacular sunrise and sunset panoramas over the plains.
Visit Bagan's largest and most mysterious temple, built by the feared King Narathu in the 12th century. The massive pyramid-shaped structure conceals bricked-up inner corridors and an unfinished interior, abandoned after the king's assassination. Legend speaks of a secret tunnel system beneath the temple that was never completed.
Begin at the golden Shwezigon Pagoda, one of Myanmar's most important Buddhist sites and prototype for later Burmese stupas, then explore the bustling Nyaung-U morning market where locals sell fresh produce, thanaka paste, and traditional crafts. A window into everyday Burmese life.
Watch skilled artisans in the village of Myinkaba create traditional Burmese lacquerware using centuries-old techniques. Learn how bamboo and horse hair are shaped, coated in multiple layers of lacquer, and intricately engraved by hand. Workshops offer demonstrations and the opportunity to purchase authentic pieces directly from craftsmen.
Experience the temple plains the traditional way aboard a horse-drawn cart, following centuries-old ox-cart routes through lesser-visited southern Bagan temples. A knowledgeable driver-guide shares stories and legends of each temple, stopping at hidden gems that most tourists miss on the main circuit.
Admire the 46-meter-tall Htilominlo Temple, built in 1218 and adorned with rare horoscope murals that were once used to select the next king. The temple's fine plaster carvings, glazed sandstone decorations, and remnants of old murals make it one of Bagan's most artistically significant sites.
Board a traditional wooden boat for a scenic cruise along the Irrawaddy River as the sun sets behind the temple-studded plains. The golden light illuminates the riverside pagodas and rural villages, offering a unique perspective of Bagan that few visitors experience from the water.
Explore the comprehensive Bagan Archaeological Museum near the Gawdawpalin Temple, housing an extensive collection of artifacts including stone inscriptions, Buddha images, architectural fragments, and displays documenting the history of the Pagan Kingdom from the 9th to 13th centuries.
Visit the 'Crowning Jewel' of Bagan, the 12th-century Sulamani Temple renowned for its exquisite interior murals depicting scenes from the Jataka tales and daily life in ancient Bagan. The well-preserved frescoes offer a rare glimpse into medieval Burmese artistic traditions and religious narrative painting.
Take a day trip to Mount Popa, a volcanic plug rising 737 meters from the surrounding plains, 50 km southeast of Bagan. Climb 777 steps to the Taung Kalat monastery at the summit, the most important nat (spirit) worship center in Myanmar, with panoramic views of the surrounding countryside.
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Royal capital with ancient monasteries and U Bein Bridge.
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Golden Shwedagon Pagoda, colonial architecture, and bustling markets.
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